Welcome to the world of physics, specifically Unit 10 – Simple Harmonic Motion and Waves. In this unit, we will delve into the fascinating realm of oscillations and vibrations, exploring the intriguing phenomena of simple harmonic motion and the propagation of energy through waves. From the gentle sway of a pendulum to the mesmerizing ripples in water, we will uncover the underlying principles that govern these motions. Through these 10th Class physics notes, we will unravel the relationships between frequency, wavelength, and velocity, and discover how energy can be transferred seamlessly through waves, without the physical displacement of matter.
10th Physics Unit 10 Long Question Notes
10th Physics Unit 10 MCQ’s Long Question Notes
10th Physics Unit 10 Numerical Notes
- 10th Class Pak Study Textbook
- 9th and 10th Class General Science Textbook
- Chapter No. 9 Notes 10th Chemistry
- Biology 10th Class Past Papers
- English Past Papers of 10th Class
10th Physics Unit 10 Short Question Notes
What is the term for the back and forth motion of a body about a point?
Answer: Vibration or oscillation.
What is the special kind of vibratory or oscillatory motion that is the main focus of this chapter?
Answer: Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM).
Give an example of a system that exhibits SHM.
Answer: A mass attached to a spring on a horizontal frictionless surface.
What is Hooke’s law, and what does it describe?
Answer: Hooke’s law states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to the displacement of the mass from its mean position.
What does the spring constant ‘k’ represent in a mass-spring system?
Answer: The spring constant ‘k’ is a measure of the stiffness of the spring. Stiff springs have a large value of ‘k,’ while soft springs have a small value of ‘k.’
What causes a mass attached to a spring to undergo SHM?
Answer: The acceleration of the mass attached to a spring is directly proportional to its displacement from the mean position, leading to SHM.
What is the time period of SHM for a mass ‘m’ attached to a spring?
Answer: The time period ‘T’ is given by T = 2π√(m/k).
What is the restoring force in SHM, and why is it called so?
Answer: The restoring force is the force that always acts opposite to the displacement of the mass and pulls it towards the mean position. It is called a restoring force because it pushes or pulls the object back towards the mean position in oscillatory motion.
Give an example of another system that exhibits SHM apart from a mass-spring system.
Answer: The motion of a ball placed in a bowl is another example of SHM.
What are the important features of SHM?
Answer: The important features of SHM are:
i. A body executing SHM always vibrates about a fixed position.
ii. Its acceleration is always directed towards the mean position.
iii. The magnitude of acceleration is always directly proportional to its displacement from the mean position.
iv. Its velocity is maximum at the mean position and zero at the extreme positions.
What is a vibration in simple harmonic motion?
Answer: One complete round trip of a vibrating body about its mean position is called one vibration.
Define time period in the context of simple harmonic motion.
Answer: The time taken by a vibrating body to complete one vibration is called time period (T).
How is frequency defined in simple harmonic motion?
Answer: The number of vibrations or cycles of a vibrating body in one second is called its frequency (f). It is the reciprocal of the time period, i.e., f = 1/T.
What is amplitude in simple harmonic motion?
Answer: The maximum displacement of a vibrating body on either side from its mean position is called its amplitude (A).
How do you find the time period and frequency of a simple pendulum?
Answer: The time period of a simple pendulum is given by the formula T = 2π√(l/g), where l is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The frequency of the pendulum can be calculated as f = 1/T.
What is damped oscillation in simple harmonic motion?
Answer: Damped oscillation occurs when a vibratory motion is gradually reduced over time due to the presence of resistive forces, such as friction.
Provide an example of a practical application of damped motion.
Answer: Shock absorbers in automobiles are a practical application of damped motion. They dampen the vibrations caused by bumps on the road and convert their energy into heat energy, reducing the amplitude of the vibrations.
How would you define a wave?
Answer: A wave is a disturbance in the medium that causes the particles of the medium to undergo vibratory motion about their mean position in equal intervals of time.
What are the two categories of mechanical waves?
Answer: The two categories of mechanical waves are longitudinal waves and transverse waves.
How do particles of the medium move in longitudinal waves?
Answer: In longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium move back and forth along the direction of propagation of the wave.
Describe the motion of particles in transverse waves.
Answer: In transverse waves, the vibratory motion of particles of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the waves.
What is an example of energy transfer through waves?
Answer: An example of energy transfer through waves is when a stretched string is shaken up and down, and waves are seen traveling along the string. The vibrating force from the hand disturbs the particles of the string, and they transfer their energy to the adjacent particles, resulting in the energy being transferred from one place to another in the form of waves.
What is the factor that determines the amount of energy carried by a wave?
Answer: The amount of energy carried by a wave depends on the amplitude of the wave. Waves with higher amplitudes carry more energy than waves with lower amplitudes.
How is the velocity of a wave defined?
Answer: The velocity of a wave is defined as the distance traveled by the wave in a specific time. It can be calculated using the formula: velocity (v) = distance (λ) / time period (T).
What is the relationship between velocity, frequency, and wavelength of a wave?
Answer: The relationship between velocity (v), frequency (f), and wavelength (λ) of a wave is given by the formula: v = f × λ.
How do water waves transfer energy without transferring matter?
Answer: Water waves transfer energy from one place to another without transferring matter (water particles). When a stone is dropped into a pond, water waves are produced on the surface of the water and travel outwards. When these waves reach a cork placed at some distance from the falling stone, the cork moves up and down along with the motion of the water particles, gaining energy from the waves. The waves transfer energy without physically displacing water from one place to another.
What is the phenomenon of reflection of waves?
Answer: Reflection of waves occurs when waves moving in one medium fall on the surface of another medium and bounce back into the first medium. The angle of incidence of the wave along the normal is equal to the angle of reflection.
What happens to water waves when they enter a region of shallow water?
Answer: When water waves enter a region of shallow water, their wavelength decreases, but their frequency remains the same. This change in wavelength causes the waves to slow down and change direction as they move from deep water to shallow water. This phenomenon is called refraction of water waves.
What is diffraction of waves?
Answer: Diffraction of waves refers to the bending or spreading of waves around the sharp edges or corners of obstacles or slits. When waves pass through a small slit, they spread in every direction and change their pattern, forming almost semicircular patterns. Diffraction occurs when the size of the obstacle or slit is comparable to the wavelength of the wave.