In Chapter 5 of the 10th-grade History of Pakistan – II, we study into the rich and intricate tapestry of Pakistan’s past, unearthing pivotal events, remarkable personalities, and profound societal transformations that have shaped the nation’s history. From the early days of independence to the challenges and triumphs that marked the subsequent years, this chapter offers a comprehensive exploration of Pakistan’s historical trajectory. Prepare to immerse yourself in the captivating narratives that have defined the nation, gaining insights into the struggles and achievements that have sculpted the Pakistan we know today.
Pakistan Studies 10th Class Chapter 5 MCQ’s
- 10th Class Pak Study Textbook
- 9th and 10th Class General Science Textbook
- Chapter No. 9 Notes 10th Chemistry
- Biology 10th Class Past Papers
- English Past Papers of 10th Class
Pakistan Studies 10th Class Chapter 5 Long Questions
Pakistan Studies 10th Class Chapter 5 Short Questions
Who took over the office of President of Pakistan and Civil Martial Law Administrator on 20th December 1971?
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
What were the main aspects of economic reforms during 1971-77 in Pakistan?
The main aspects of economic reforms included nationalization of industries, banks, and insurance companies, labor reform, and agricultural reforms.
What industries were nationalized under the industrial reforms?
Industries like the automobile industry, chemical industry, cement industry, steel industry, and more were nationalized.
When were banks and insurance companies nationalized in Pakistan?
Insurance companies were nationalized on 19th March 1972, and scheduled banks were nationalized on 1st January 1974.
What were the key points of Bhutto’s labor reform policy?
Bhutto’s labor reform policy included representation of laborers in administrative committees, annual bonuses, reduced working hours, job security measures, and creation of labor courts.
What were the agricultural reforms introduced during Bhutto’s era?
Agricultural reforms included land ownership limits, distribution of surplus land, taxes for landlords, and measures to protect peasants’ rights.
What were the positive impacts of nationalization on industry in Pakistan?
Positive impacts included ending labor exploitation, increased national income through taxes, improved relations between mill owners and laborers, and reduction in prices of industrial goods.
What were the negative impacts of nationalization on education in Pakistan?
Negative impacts included increased financial burden on the government, tensions with transport owners due to student fare concessions, and potential negligence of students’ educational responsibilities.
What are some positive impacts of nationalization on commerce and trade?
Some positive impacts of nationalization on commerce and trade include increased production in state industries, improved trade balance leading to economic growth, increased exports, and enhanced agricultural production.
How did the Bhutto government’s policies impact trade in Pakistan?
The Bhutto government’s policies encouraged industrial expansion by importing machinery and raw materials, which improved Pakistan’s trade balance and contributed to economic growth.
What were some negative impacts of nationalization on commerce and trade?
Import expenses for luxury goods and machinery, decrease in foreign exchange reserves due to burdens on the national treasury, and a trade imbalance caused by rising oil prices.
What is included in the preamble of the Constitution of 1973?
The preamble includes the Objectives Resolution, affirming sovereignty to Allah Almighty and the commitment of people’s representatives to use their powers within the limits of the Quran and the Sunnah.
How many articles are there in the Constitution of 1973?
The Constitution of 1973 comprises 280 articles.
What is the status of Urdu and English in the Constitution of 1973?
Urdu is declared the national language, and while arrangements were intended for Urdu to become the official language in 15 years, this transition has not been fully realized yet.
What is the significance of Pakistan’s status as an “Islamic Republic” in the Constitution of 1973?
The Constitution designates Islam as the state religion, mandates Muslim leadership for the President and Prime Minister positions, and encourages the practice of Islamic principles among citizens.
How is the method of amending the Constitution of 1973 described?
The Constitution is semi-rigid, requiring a two-thirds majority of the Parliament (National Assembly and Senate) to make amendments.
What are some key features of the parliamentary system established by the Constitution of 1973?
The Constitution implements a parliamentary form of government, where the President is the head of the country and the Prime Minister is the head of the government. The President is elected by Parliament and Provincial Assemblies, while the Prime Minister is elected by a majority in the National Assembly.
How does the Constitution of 1973 ensure the supremacy of the constitution itself?
Anyone attempting to abrogate or undermine the constitution will be charged with high treason and face prosecution.
What are some of the constitutional institutions established by the Constitution of 1973?
The Constitution sets up institutions such as the Council for Common Interest, National Economic Council, National Finance Commission, Election Commission of Pakistan, and Federal Ombudsman.
How is the bicameral legislature structured in the Constitution of 1973?
The bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (Upper House) with equal provincial representation and the National Assembly (Lower House) with members elected from constituencies.
What rights do citizens have according to the Constitution of 1973?
Citizens are granted fundamental rights, and neither the Parliament nor Provincial Assemblies can enact laws that negate these rights.
What alliance did various political parties form during the elections of 1977 in Pakistan?
The political parties formed an alliance called the ‘Pakistan National Alliance’.
Who was the head of the Pakistan National Alliance during the 1977 elections?
Maulana Mufti Mahmud was the head of the Pakistan National Alliance.
When were the National Assembly elections held in 1977 and who won?
The National Assembly elections were held on 7th March, 1977, and the People’s Party won with a significant majority.
What movement was initiated during the 1977-88 era, and what was its focus?
The ‘Nizam-e-Mustafa’ movement was initiated during this era with a focus on Islamization.
Who overthrew the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and declared martial law in 1977?
Army Chief General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and declared martial law.
What were the major aspects of the Islamization process during 1977-1988 in Pakistan?
The major aspects included setting up Shariah Courts, implementing Shariat Ordinance, Zakat and Ushr Ordinance, abolishing interest, making Islamiat and Pakistan Studies compulsory subjects, organizing prayer arrangements, passing Ehtram-e-Ramazan Ordinance, supporting religious schools, promoting the study of Arabic, establishing the International Islamic University, and setting up a Shariat faculty.
When did General Zia-ul-Haq’s rule begin, and when did it end?
General Zia-ul-Haq ruled Pakistan from July 1977 to August 1988.
What was the purpose of Shariat Benches and Federal Shariat Courts?
Shariat Benches and Federal Shariat Courts were established to interpret Islamic law and hear cases related to its application.
How was interest abolished in Pakistan during this era?
Interest was abolished by converting savings accounts to Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) accounts, starting from 1st January 1981.
What subjects were made compulsory up to B.A. in educational institutions during General Zia-ul-Haq’s era?
Islamiat and Pakistan Studies were made compulsory subjects up to B.A. in educational institutions.
What was the significance of the Ehtram-e-Ramazan Ordinance?
The Ehtram-e-Ramazan Ordinance made it a legal offense to not observe the sanctity of the month of Ramazan, with potential penalties of jail time and fines.
When and why was the International Islamic University in Islamabad established?
The International Islamic University was established in 1981 to promote Islamic learning and research in law.
What was the aim of setting up a Shariat faculty in the Quaid-e-Azam University?
The Shariat faculty aimed to provide education in Hadith, Fiqh, and Islamic law.
What constitutional change occurred during Muhammad Khan Junejo’s era?
General Zia-ul-Haq amended the Constitution to shift from a parliamentary to a presidential system.
When were non-party elections held for the National Assembly?
Non-party elections for the National Assembly were held in 1985.
When did General Zia-ul-Haq take the oath as President, and who became the Prime Minister?
General Zia-ul-Haq took the oath as President for the next five years, and Muhammad Khan Junejo became the Prime Minister.
When and how was martial law lifted during Muhammad Khan Junejo’s era?
Martial law was lifted on December 30, 1985, after bills were passed by the Parliament and Provincial Assemblies.
What official parliamentary group was formed in 1986, and who was elected its president?
The official parliamentary group was named the ‘Pakistan Muslim League,’ and Muhammad Khan Junejo was elected its president.
Which countries did Muhammad Khan Junejo tour in 1986, and what agreements were signed during those tours?
Muhammad Khan Junejo toured Turkey, Germany, and the United States of America in 1986, signing agreements of mutual interest.
What were some development programs initiated during Muhammad Khan Junejo’s government?
The 7-marla housing scheme, 5-point development program, and plans to raise the literacy rate were some of the development initiatives.
What was the Ojhri Camp Disaster?
The Ojhri Camp Disaster was a sudden fire in an arms depot between Rawalpindi and Islamabad in 1988, causing many casualties.
Why was the Junejo government dismissed?
Differences between the President and the Prime Minister led to the dismissal of the Junejo government in 1988.
What major international event had an impact on Pakistani society during this era?
The invasion of Russian forces into Afghanistan in 1979 and the subsequent Afghan Jihad had a significant impact on Pakistani society.
When did Russia withdraw its forces from Afghanistan, and what accord marked this event?
Russia withdrew its forces from Afghanistan on February 15, 1989, and the event was marked by the signing of the Geneva Accord in April 1988.
How did the Afghan refugee crisis affect Pakistani society?
The migration of Afghan refugees to Pakistan during the Russian invasion had far-reaching effects on Pakistani society, with over 30 lakh refugees seeking shelter.
Who was elected as Pakistan’s and the Islamic world’s first woman Prime Minister in 1988?
Benazir Bhutto.
What event led to the dissolution of the Balochistan Assembly during Benazir Bhutto’s first term?
The dismissal of Chief Minister Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali’s government after failing to gain a vote of confidence.
Who won the presidential elections in 1988 and became the President of Pakistan?
Ghulam Ishaq Khan.
What major international organization did Pakistan rejoin in 1989 after having previously separated from it?
The Commonwealth.
What was the foreign policy approach of Benazir Bhutto’s government towards India during her first term?
The government adopted a ‘no-confrontation policy’ and worked on establishing good relations, as demonstrated by her collaboration with Rajiv Gandhi during the SAARC Conference.
What was the focus of the Peoples Works Programme launched by Benazir Bhutto’s government?
The development and social welfare of the country, providing employment opportunities through initiatives like the Placement Bureau.
Why did President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismiss the Benazir Bhutto government in August 1990?
The government was dismissed on charges of corruption, and the National Assembly was dissolved.
How long did Benazir Bhutto’s first government last?
Her first government lasted for about 20 months.
When did Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif become the Prime Minister for the first time?
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif became the Prime Minister in November 1990.
What was the purpose of the Agricultural Policy announced by Nawaz Sharif’s government?
The Agricultural Policy was announced in 1991 to benefit farmers and allocate funds for their betterment.
What was the Privatization Commission established for during Nawaz Sharif’s first term?
The Privatization Commission was formed in 1991 to reform financial institutions and encourage private sector banks. It facilitated the sale of certain institutions, positively impacting the national economy.
How did Nawaz Sharif’s government contribute to resolving the water distribution dispute among provinces?
Through the government’s efforts, an agreement was signed among the provinces, permanently resolving the water distribution dispute of the River Indus.
What was the purpose of establishing Baitul Maal by Nawaz Sharif’s government?
Baitul Maal was established in 1992 to provide financial aid and assistance to the poor.
How did Nawaz Sharif’s government approach foreign policy during his first term?
The government worked to improve relations with neighboring countries and brought changes to foreign policy. They played a role in negotiating peace in Afghanistan and made efforts to resolve the Kashmir issue with India.
What were some of the successful national schemes initiated during Nawaz Sharif’s first term?
The government introduced schemes like the National Construction Programme, Self-Employment Scheme, Motorway Project, and Yellow Cab Scheme.
Why was Nawaz Sharif’s first government dismissed in 1993, and who became the caretaker Prime Minister?
President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed the government under constitutional provisions. Balakh Sher Mazari was appointed as caretaker Prime Minister. The decision was later canceled by the Supreme Court, but tensions persisted, leading to the resignations of both Nawaz Sharif and Ghulam Ishaq Khan.
Second Term:
When was Nawaz Sharif elected for his second term as Prime Minister?
Nawaz Sharif was re-elected as Prime Minister in February 1997.
What was the ‘Retire debt, adorn the country’ scheme introduced by Nawaz Sharif’s government?
This scheme aimed to pay off foreign loans by encouraging the nation to contribute funds. Around 17 billion rupees were collected through this scheme.
What was Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s stance on atomic energy when he took power in 1971?
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto declared that atomic energy is necessary for Pakistan’s progress and defense, but it’s intended for prosperity and development rather than war.
When and where was Pakistan’s first atomic plant set up?
Pakistan’s first atomic plant was set up in Karachi in 1971.
Why did Pakistan need more atomic energy?
Pakistan needed more atomic energy for the development of its growing industries.
What event in 1974 prompted Pakistan to intensify its efforts to become a nuclear power?
India’s first atomic blast in the Rajasthan Desert in 1974 disturbed the balance of power in South Asia and prompted Pakistan to work towards becoming a nuclear power.
Whose supervision continued the nuclear program after France refused to provide a re-processing plant?
General Zia-ul-Haq’s government continued the nuclear program under Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan’s supervision.
What nuclear capability did Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan announce in 1984?
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan announced that Pakistan had obtained the technique of uranium enrichment in 1984.
How did the enemies of Pakistan react to its nuclear program after Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan’s announcement?
They started a propaganda movement against Pakistan’s nuclear program, raising concerns about its potential use with certain aircraft.
What capability did Dr. Qadeer Khan claim in 1989?
Dr. Qadeer Khan claimed that Pakistan had gained the capability to build an atomic bomb or device in 1989.
What prompted the enforcement of the Pressler Amendment?
When Pakistan proceeded with its nuclear program, the Pressler Amendment was enforced, likely due to concerns from other countries.
How did President Bill Clinton react to India’s nuclear tests in 1998 and how did he approach Pakistan?
President Bill Clinton remained silent about India’s tests, and he pressured Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, not to respond with tests of its own.
What did Pakistan do in response to India’s five nuclear tests in 1998?
Pakistan conducted seven nuclear tests in the Chaghi Hills of Balochistan in response to India’s tests.
What significant status did Pakistan achieve as a result of these nuclear tests?
Pakistan became the seventh nuclear power in the world and the first among Islamic countries.
Who initiated the military take-over on October 12, 1999, and what were its key outcomes?
Chief of Army Staff General Pervez Musharraf initiated the military take-over, suspending the constitution, overthrowing the government of Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, and dissolving the national and provincial assemblies.
What was the focus of the system of devolution of powers initiated by Pervez Musharraf?
The system emphasized local self-government and devolution of powers to local levels.
What historical attempts were made to establish local government systems in Pakistan?
Attempts were made by Viceroy Lord Rippon in 1884, President Ayub Khan in 1959, and General Zia-ul-Haq to establish various forms of local government systems.
What did General Pervez Musharraf promise regarding local governments after coming to power in 1999?
General Pervez Musharraf promised to transfer power to the lower levels of the public through visible changes in the system of local governments.
How is the local government in Pakistan divided, and what are its three parts?
The local government in Pakistan is divided into three parts: Union Government, Tehsil Government, and District Government.
What are the key members of a Union Council and how are they elected?
The key members of a Union Council include a Nazim, Naib Nazim, various General Councillors, Farmers/Labour Councillors, and a Minority Councillor. These members are elected by the people.
What are the duties of a Union Council?
The duties of a Union Council include ensuring security arrangements within its boundary, creating an annual development program, imposing local taxes, and resolving small criminal and civil cases, as well as land and family disputes.
What are the components of the Tehsil Government, and who elects the Tehsil Nazim and Naib Nazim?
The Tehsil Government consists of a Tehsil Nazim, Naib Tehsil Nazim, Tehsil Council, and Tehsil Administration. The Tehsil Nazim and Naib Nazim are elected by all the union councillors present in the Tehsil.
What is the role of the District Nazim in the District Government?
The District Nazim is the head of the district government and provides political leadership. They are responsible for the development and prosperity of the district, and the district police and administration are answerable to them.
What was the significance of the 2002 elections in Pakistan?
The 2002 elections in Pakistan marked the first time it was declared mandatory for a candidate to be a graduate in order to stand for elections.
What powers were granted to General Pervez Musharraf according to the Legal Framework Order (LFO)?
According to the LFO, General Pervez Musharraf was given unlimited powers, including the ability to appoint governors, heads of armed forces, Chief Election Commissioner, and Chairman of Federal Public Service Commission. He also had the authority to dissolve the assemblies.
What role did the LFO play in the dispute and elections of 2008?
The LFO became a major point of dispute between the government and the opposition. It led to tensions over issues like price hikes, unemployment, and perceived failures of the Musharraf government. It ultimately shaped the political landscape leading up to the 2008 elections.
Who gained majority in the 2008 elections in Pakistan, and who was elected as Prime Minister?
The People’s Party and The Muslim League (N) gained the majority in the 2008 elections. Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani was elected as the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
What concept of governance did General Musharraf introduce during his time in power?
The concept of enlightenment inspired by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
How did General Musharraf’s changes in the educational curriculum affect religious scholars?
They were opposed by religious scholars.
What changes in media regulations occurred during Musharraf’s era?
Restrictions on newspapers and magazines were lifted, leading to the establishment of private television channels.
Who was the first female Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan during Musharraf’s time?
Shamshad Akhtar.
What historic development occurred for women in the Pakistani Air Force under Musharraf’s government?
Women were appointed as fighter pilots for the first time.
How did Musharraf’s government address women’s participation in politics?
Women were allowed to contest general seats in addition to reserved seats in assemblies.
How did the government support women economically during Musharraf’s era?
Women were given small loans without guarantees by banks.
What major change was introduced for women’s role in the army during Musharraf’s time?
A direct commission for women in the army.
What was the focus of privatization during the Musharraf era?
Ending poverty and paying off foreign loans.
What were some industries set up during Musharraf’s government?
Car assembly, motorcycle assembly, sugar, chemical, basic goods, electrical equipment, cement, and steel industries.
What were some positive impacts of privatization?
Increased government income, reduced burden on government institutions, encouragement of private investment, improved production quality, and increased employee efficiency.
What were some negative impacts of privatization mentioned?
Increased unemployment, personal capital increase, higher cost of goods, and employee unrest.
What was the increase in GDP during Musharraf’s time and what was the focus on?
GDP increased by 7%, with a focus on economic policies and establishing new industries.
How did Musharraf’s government encourage investment from overseas Pakistanis and foreign investors?
Advised them to invest in various fields of the country, leading to a 22% increase in investment.
What positive steps were taken to address the country’s deficit and poverty during Musharraf’s era?
The deficit was reduced from 7% to 4.5%, and poverty was reduced from 32% to 20%.
What were the energy-related plans of Musharraf’s government?
Increasing hydel power production, transitioning thermal plants to gas and coal, and ensuring a continuous electricity supply.