Welcome to the world of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the realm of Physics! In this set of 10th-grade Physics notes, we delve into Unit 17, where we explore the fascinating intersection between technology and the physical world. ICT has revolutionized how we gather, process, and communicate information, and its profound impact has extended to various scientific disciplines, including Physics. Throughout these notes, we will uncover the fundamental principles and applications of ICT in the context of Physics, empowering you to grasp the transformative potential of technology in the study and advancement of the physical sciences. So, buckle up as we embark on an exciting journey through the digital frontier of Physics and discover the captivating possibilities that await us.
10th Physics Unit 17 Long Question Notes
10th Physics Unit 17 MCQ’s Long Question Notes
- 10th Class Pak Study Textbook
- 9th and 10th Class General Science Textbook
- Chapter No. 9 Notes 10th Chemistry
- Biology 10th Class Past Papers
- English Past Papers of 10th Class
10th Physics Unit 17 Short Question Notes
What are the main sources of contact in the age of information and communication technology?
Answer: In addition to the telephone, the main sources of contact are mobile phones, fax machines, computers, and the internet.
How is Information and Communication Technology (ICT) defined?
Answer: ICT is defined as an electronic-based system of information transmission, reception, processing, and retrieval, which is a blend of information technology and telecommunication.
What are the components of a Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)?
Answer: The components of CBIS are hardware, software, data, procedures, and people.
What is the role of people in a CBIS?
Answer: People play a crucial role in a CBIS as they design and operate the software, input data, build the hardware, and write the procedures, ultimately determining the success or failure of the system.
How does information flow in different communication systems?
Answer: Information is transferred from one place to another through different electronic and optical equipment. It can be sent through wires as electrical signals, or through space in the form of electromagnetic waves or optical fibers as light.
What are the essential parts of any communication system?
Answer: The essential parts of any communication system are the transmitter, transmission channel, and receiver.
How does a telephone transmit voice in the form of an electrical signal?
Answer: A telephone uses carbon granules and a thin metal diaphragm in the mouthpiece and receiver. When someone speaks into the mouthpiece, the sound vibrations vibrate the diaphragm, compressing the carbon and allowing an electrical current to flow through the wire. At the other end, the electrical current in the receiver produces a varying magnetic field that attracts the diaphragm, causing it to vibrate and produce sound waves.
How can electrical signals be sent from one place to another?
Answer: Electrical signals can be sent using either cables or radiowaves.
Why do we need to superimpose information on electromagnetic waves for long-distance transmission?
Answer: In order to send information over a long distance, it has to be superimposed on electromagnetic waves, as they travel with the speed of light, unlike sound waves which have limited range.
Who is credited with transmitting the first radio signal through the air?
Answer: Marconi is credited with transmitting the first radio signal through the air.
How does a fax machine transmit messages?
Answer: A fax machine scans a page to convert its text and graphics into electronic signals and transmits them to another fax machine through a telephone line.
What does a cell phone use for communication, and how does it send and receive messages?
Answer: A cell phone uses radiowaves for communication. It carries a radio transmitter and a receiver inside it to send and receive messages in the form of radiowaves.
How does a radio tuning circuit work?
Answer: The radio tuning circuit consists of coils of fine wire connected to variable capacitors and an antenna. It selects signals of a specific frequency and does not amplify signals with slightly lower or higher frequencies.
What is the advantage of using optical fibers for transmitting light signals?
Answer: Optical fibers allow for high data rates to be sent over long distances, unlike electrical wires where signal loss increases with data rate.
What happens when light enters an optical fiber?
Answer: Light that enters the core of an optical fiber travels through the fiber by total internal reflection, bouncing off the inner wall until it reaches the other end of the fiber.
What is a computer used for?
Answer: Computers are used for adding, subtracting, or multiplying through an interaction of hardware and software.
What does hardware refer to in a computer?
Answer: Hardware refers to the parts of a computer that you can see and touch, such as CPU, monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, etc.
What is the most important piece of hardware in a computer?
Answer: The most important piece of hardware in a computer is the central processing unit (CPU) that contains a tiny rectangular chip called the microprocessor, which acts as the “brain” of the computer.
What is software in the context of computers?
Answer: Software refers to the instructions or programs that tell the computer hardware what to do. Examples include word processing programs and operating systems like Windows and Linux.
How are microwaves used in today’s telecommunication systems?
Answer: Microwaves are combined with digital and optical fiber technologies to create modern telecommunication systems. Microwaves travel in straight lines and provide strong signals, allowing us to connect to distant places in milliseconds.
How are communication satellites like INTELSAT and SATCOM utilized?
Answer: Communication satellites like INTELSAT and SATCOM are geostationary satellites that stay in the same position above the Earth’s surface. They receive and transmit digital signals across the world, enabling global communication.
What are some applications of computers in various fields?
Answer: Computers are used in offices for preparing letters, documents, and reports, in hotels for booking rooms and managing bills, in railways for reservation and ticketing, by doctors for diagnosing and treating illnesses, by architects for designing, and in meteorology for weather forecasting, among many other applications.
What are some examples of secondary storage devices in computers?
Answer: Secondary storage devices in computers include audio-video cassettes and hard disks, which are used to store data permanently.
How is sound recorded on audio cassettes?
Answer: Sound is recorded on audio cassettes using a tape of magnetic material, which is magnetized in a particular pattern according to the rise and fall of current. This magnetic pattern stores the sound data.
What is a supercomputer, and what makes it powerful?
Answer: A supercomputer is a highly powerful and swift computer that can send information in one thousand billionth of a second. It contains many processors, which contribute to its exceptional computing capabilities.
What is the Internet?
Answer: The Internet is a network of networks connecting computer networks worldwide for the purpose of communication.
How has the size of the Internet changed over time?
Answer: The size of the Internet has increased multi-fold within a few years and now comprises several million computers.
What is the conceptual diagram of the Internet?
Answer: The conceptual diagram of the Internet illustrates a large computer network extending globally, connecting millions of computers together.
How does the Internet connect computers from different cities?
Answer: The Internet makes use of well-defined communication systems, including the telephone communication system, to allow any computer from any city to establish a connection with another computer in a different city.
Name some of the main services used on the Internet.
Answer: Some main services used on the Internet include web browsing and email.
What are browsers used for on the Internet?
Answer: Browsers are applications that provide a window to the Web and allow users to view web pages located on websites worldwide.
Name some popular web browsers.
Answer: Some popular web browsers include Internet Explorer, The World, Opera, Safari, Mozilla Firefox, and Chrome.
What is the main advantage of using electronic mail (e-mail) on the Internet?
Answer: E-mail allows for fast and reliable delivery of messages to any enabled site on the Internet, enabling quick communication with friends and institutions.
What are some of the risks associated with information technology?
Answer: Risks of information technology include health issues from overuse of computers, computer crimes such as theft and hacking, and piracy of copyrighted material.
How can computer equipment be secured to reduce the risk of security breaches?
Answer: Computer equipment can be secured through various means, including passwords, key cards, ID numbers, lock combinations, voice prints, and fingerprint recognition.