Welcome to the world of Basic Electronics, a fascinating realm within the realm of physics. In this set of class 10th Physics notes, we delve into Unit 16, where we unlock the mysteries of electronic circuits and devices. From the fundamental principles of electric current and voltage to exploring diodes, transistors, and amplifiers, these notes serve as a comprehensive guide to understanding the building blocks of modern technology. Whether you’re a budding engineer, a curious enthusiast, or just someone eager to grasp the workings of the electronic devices that surround us, this collection will illuminate the intricate concepts of Basic Electronics, empowering you to navigate the electrifying domain with confidence and curiosity. So let’s embark on this electrifying journey together.
10th Physics Unit 16 Long Question Notes
10th Physics Unit 16 MCQ’s Long Question Notes
- 10th Class Pak Study Textbook
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10th Physics Unit 16 Short Question Notes
What is electronics?
Answer: Electronics is the branch of applied physics that deals with the control of motion of electrons using different devices.
Who discovered cathode rays and what did they conclude about them?
Answer: J.J. Thomson discovered cathode rays and concluded that they carry a negative charge, which led to the identification of electrons.
What is thermionic emission?
Answer: Thermionic emission is the process of emission of electrons from hot metal surfaces when they gain sufficient energy to escape due to high temperature.
How is thermionic emission produced in an electron gun?
Answer: Thermionic emission in an electron gun is produced by electrically heating a fine tungsten filament using a typical voltage of 6 V and a current of 0.3 A.
How are electrons deflected by an electric field in the electron gun setup?
Answer: Electrons are deflected towards the positive plate when an electric field is set up between two parallel metal plates due to the force F=qE, where ‘q’ is the electron charge and ‘E’ is the electric field.
How are electrons deflected by a magnetic field in the electron gun setup?
Answer: Electrons passing through a magnetic field, created using a horseshoe magnet, experience a deflection from their original direction on the fluorescent screen.
What is the significance of the shadow of the metal cross formed in the cathode-ray tube experiment?
Answer: The shadow of the metal cross in the cathode-ray tube experiment indicates that some kind of rays (cathode rays) are passing straight through the tube.
What is the purpose of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O)?
Answer: The cathode-ray oscilloscope is used to display the magnitudes of changing electric currents or potentials.
What does the screen of a cathode-ray tube look like in a C.R.O?
Answer: The screen appears as a circular or rectangular window with a centimetre graph superimposed on it.
Name the components of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O).
Answer: The components are the electron gun with control grid, the deflecting plates, and a fluorescent screen.
How is the brightness of the screen controlled in a C.R.O?
Answer: The negative potential of the grid in the electron gun can be used as a brightness control. More negative potential repels electrons from the grid, resulting in fewer electrons reaching the screen and lower brightness.
What are the functions of the deflecting plates in a C.R.O?
Answer: The deflecting plates are responsible for deflecting the electron beam in vertical and horizontal planes, providing the Y-axis and X-axis movements of the spot on the screen.
What material is used for the screen of a cathode-ray tube?
Answer: The screen of a cathode-ray tube consists of a thin layer of phosphor, a material that emits light when bombarded by fast-moving electrons.
What are analogue quantities in electronics?
Answer: Analogue quantities are those whose values vary continuously or remain constant, such as temperature, time, pressure, and distance.
What is the branch of electronics that deals with digital quantities?
Answer: Digital electronics is the branch of electronics that deals with digital quantities, which are expressed in the form of digits or numbers, typically represented by ‘0’ and ‘1’.
How is an analogue signal different from a digital signal?
Answer: An analogue signal varies continuously, while a digital signal has only two discrete values, usually represented by high and low voltage levels.
What is the purpose of an analogue to digital converter (ADC) in electronic systems?
Answer: An analogue to digital converter (ADC) is used to convert analogue signals into digital form, which can then be processed by a computer or digital circuits.
What are some examples of digital technology in our daily lives?
Answer: Digital TV, digital cameras, and smart ID cards are examples of digital technology in our daily lives.
How does digital technology enhance digital cameras?
Answer: Digital cameras allow us to download images into a PC and perform various editing tasks like cropping, enhancing, and airbrushing.
What features can a smart ID card incorporate?
Answer: A smart ID card can serve as a passport, national insurance card, driving license, and can also hold biometric data like eye retina scans and voice scans for unique identification and security.
What is Boolean algebra used for in digital electronics?
Answer: Boolean algebra is used to describe logic operations by symbols in digital electronics. It handles variables that represent two types of logic propositions: ‘true’ and ‘false’.
What are the basic logic operations represented by AND, OR, and NOT gates?
Answer: AND gate represents the logical AND operation, OR gate represents the logical OR operation, and NOT gate represents the logical NOT (inversion) operation.
Describe the behavior of the AND gate.
Answer: The AND gate output will be ‘1’ only when all of its inputs are at logic ‘1’, and for all other situations, the output will be ‘0’.
How does an OR gate behave?
Answer: The OR gate output will be ‘1’ when at least one of its inputs is at logic ‘1’. If all inputs are at logic ‘0’, the output will be ‘0’.
What is the function of a NOT gate?
Answer: The NOT gate changes the state of a Boolean variable. If the input is ‘1’, the output will be ‘0’, and if the input is ‘0’, the output will be ‘1’.
What is the purpose of using Boolean algebra in digital electronics?
Answer: Boolean algebra simplifies the design and analysis of digital circuits and logic gates. It allows for systematic development and implementation of complex digital systems.
What is the NOR operation?
Answer: The NOR operation is an OR operation followed by a NOT operation.
How is a NOR gate obtained?
Answer: The NOR gate is obtained by coupling the output of an OR gate with a NOT gate.
What is the Boolean expression for a NOR gate?
Answer: X = A + B (X equals A OR B NOT).
What does the symbol of a NOR gate look like?
Answer: The symbol of a NOR gate is shown in Fig. 16.15(b).
What is the truth table of a NOR gate?
Answer: Table 16.9 is the truth table of a NOR gate.
How can logic gates be used in electronic circuits to perform useful tasks?
Answer: Logic gates can be used in electronic circuits to perform useful tasks by processing inputs and producing desired outputs.
What can an LDR (light depending resistor) act as in a circuit?
Answer: An LDR can act as a switch that is closed when illuminated by light and open in the dark.
How can a single NAND gate be used to create a burglar alarm?
Answer: A single NAND gate can be used to create a burglar alarm by connecting an LDR, a push-button switch (S), and an alarm to the NAND gate.
What causes the burglar alarm to sound?
Answer: The burglar alarm sounds when either the light falling on the LDR is interrupted or when the burglar steps on the switch (S).
In a digital electronics device, how is data represented?
Answer: Data is represented using 1’s and 0’s (bits) in digital electronics devices.